BACKGROUND Children with and without speech sound disorders (SSDs) are exposed to different patterns of infant feeding (breast/bottle-feeding) and may or may not engage in non-nutritive sucking (NNS) (pacifier/digit-sucking). Sucking and speech use similar oral musculature and structures, therefore it is possible that early sucking patterns may impact early speech sound development. The objective of this review is to synthesise the current evidence on the influence of feeding and NNS on the speech sound development of healthy full-term children. SUMMARY Electronic databases (PubMed, NHS CRD, EMBASE, MEDLINE) were searched using terms specific to feeding, NNS and speech sound development. All methodologies were considered. Studies were assessed for inclusion and quality by 2 reviewers. Of 1,031 initial results, 751 records were screened, and 5 primary studies were assessed for eligibility, 4 of which were included in the review. Evidence from the available literature on the relationship between feeding, NNS an. Karger AG, Basel.The high efficiency of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) is a benefit of the highly efficient photoinduced-electron transfer (PET) to external electrodes. Here, we investigated how the surface defects and conduction-band (CB) offsets between core and shell materials affect the PET from CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs) by means of time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption and nanosecond photoluminescence spectroscopy. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-5676.html The transfer of 1S excited electrons from CuInS2 QDs to TiO2 films is demonstrated and we find that the surface-electron trapping can significantly reduce the efficiency of the PET. Though the electron trapping can be suppressed after ZnS surface passivation, the PET decreases significantly to a low efficiency of ?33% from the type I CuInS2/ZnS core/shell QDs because of their low electron density at the surface of the QDs. The surface-electron density is increased with the strategy of wavefunction engineering by reducing the CB offset, which allows us to achieve a quasi-type II carrier confinement in CuInS2/CdS core/shell QDs. The PET efficiency appears to be as high as ?95% from the CuInS2/CdS core/shell QDs, which is ascribed to synergistic effects of the surface passivation and enhanced delocalization of the electron wavefunction from the CuInS2 core to the CdS shell. Finally, we demonstrate that these new mechanistic understandings of the PET processes are crucial to improving the efficiency of CuInS2 QDSSCs.An ultrathin near-perfect MoSe2 absorber working in the visible regime is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally, and it consists of a MoSe2/Au bi-layer film. The polymer-assisted deposition method is used to synthesize MoSe2 films, which can reduce the roughness and thus improve the film absorption. Simulation results show that the absorption of the absorber with 22 nm MoSe2 reaches to larger than 90% between 628.5 nm and 718 nm with a peak value up to 99.5% at 686 nm. Moreover, the measured absorption also shows near-perfect absorption of this simple absorber. Finally, an ultrathin photodetector is fabricated based on this perfect absorber and shows on/off reproducibility and remarkable photocurrent, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the dark current.The first step in every systematic approach to investigating population exposure to radon on a national level is to perform a comprehensive indoor radon survey. Based on the general knowledge of the radon levels in Serbia and corresponding doses, the results obtained from a national indoor radon survey would allow policy-makers to decide if it is necessary to establish a national radon programme. For this reason, Serbia initiated work on a national radon action plan (RAP) in 2014 when it was decided to carry out the first national indoor radon survey. The responsibility for establishing the RAP in Serbia is that of the national regulatory body in the field of radiation protection - the Serbian Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security Directorate (SRBATOM), formerly known as the Serbian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (SRPNA). The first national indoor radon survey was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through a Technical Cooperation Programme. Thanks to the IAEA, we received 6,000 passive radon devices based on track-etched detectors. In addition, in order to ensure technical support for the project, SRBATOM formed a task force made up of expert radon representatives from national research institutions. This paper presents a thorough description of the sampling design of the first Serbian indoor radon survey. It also presents the results of the national indoor radon survey, including descriptive statistics and testing of the distribution of the obtained results for log-normality. Based on GPS coordinates, indoor radon data were projected onto a map of 10x10 km grid cells. Two values were calculated for each cell to create two distinct maps. One map shows the arithmetic mean value of indoor radon concentration per grid cell, and the other map shows the number of radon detectors per grid cell used for the calculation of mean values. © 2020 Society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.Understanding how much solvents influence the structures and dynamics of proteins is important to understand functional mechanisms of solvated proteins. We propose a solvated potential model that approximates the potential energy of a solvated protein by projecting the solvent information into the protein structure. Using the model, we derive three properties of the solvent. First, the influence of the solvent on protein structure and dynamics, mostly by the bulk solvent, decays drastically (near-exponentially) as the distances of the solvent from the protein increases. This decay pattern can be used to determine the economical size of solvent boxes in molecular dynamics simulations. Second, the hydration shell regulates the protein dynamics by effecting extra interactions within the protein structure. Lastly, the lowest frequency modes are determined mostly by protein structures. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.